Musculoskeletal System Supplementary Information
Musculoskeletal System Supplementary Information
Additional Terms Not Listed in Textbook
| Term | Definition | Example |
| acetabul/o | acetabulum, hip socket | acetabular |
| articul/o | joint | articular cartilage |
| burs/o | bursa | bursitis |
| calci/o, calc/o | calcium | hypercalcemia |
| coccyg/o | tailbone, coccyx | coccygeal |
| ligament/o | ligament | ligamentous |
| malleol/o | malleolus, process on each side of the ankle | malleolar |
| mandibul/o | mandible, lower jawbone | mandibular |
| maxill/o | maxilla, upper jawbone | maxillary |
| myocardi/o | heart muscle | myocardial |
| myos/o | muscle | myositis |
| olecran/o | olecranon, elbow | olecranal |
| plant/o | sole of the foot | plantar flexion |
| rheumat/o | watery flow | rheumatologist |
| sacr/o | sacrum | sacral |
| sarc/o | muscle and flesh | sarcopenia |
| scapul/o | scapula, shoulder blade | scapular |
| spin/o | spine, backbone | spinal |
| tars/o | bones of the mid and hindfoot, tarsals | tarsectomy |
| uln/o | ulna, forearm bone | ulnar |
| -fusion | coming together, to pour | spinal fusion |
Muscular System
Muscular System Information Video
Areas of Clarification
This chapter focuses on the terms that relate to the Muscular System. This includes combining forms and suffixes that are pertinent to this system. You will use the prefixes, suffixes, and additional combining forms you have learned in chapters 1-9 and apply them here to create medical terms pertaining to this system.
To learn more about how the muscles get their names watch this video:
**You are not required to learn the names of the muscles outside of the word parts listed in the book and above, this is just for your own information***
There are many nomenclatures for naming muscles. Some of these include:
- divisions – biceps, triceps, quadriceps
- size – maximus (largest), minimus (smallest)
- shape – deltoid (triangular), trapezious (trapezoid)
- action – flexor (to flex), adductor (towards midline of body)
| EXAMPLE | WORD | LATIN ROOT 1 | LATIN ROOT 2 | MEANING | TRANSLATION |
| abductor digiti minimi | abductor | ab = away from | duct = to move | a muscle that moves away from | A muscle that moves the little finger or toe away |
| digiti | digitus = digit | n/a | refers to a finger or toe | ||
| minimi | minimus = mini, tiny | n/a | little | ||
| adductor digiti minimi | adductor | ad = to, toward | duct = to move | a muscle that moves towards | A muscle that moves the little finger or toe toward |
| digiti | digitus = digit | n/a | refers to a finger or toe | ||
| minimi | minimus = mini, tiny | n/a | little |
Table 17.1. Understanding a Muscle Name from the Latin. Adapted from Betts, et al., 2013. Licensed under CC BY 4.0 Links to an external site..
Skeletal System
Skeletal System Information Video
This video showcases the structure and function of the skeletal system, particularly how bones are created and what they provide to the body.
Joints
Joint Information Video
A video that describes the Joints & movement of the body (and a little bit of the skeletal system too) is listed here:
Areas of Clarification - Joints
Most bones connect to at least one other bone in the body. The area where bones meet bones or where bones meet cartilage are called articulations. Joints can be classified based on their ability to move. At movable joints, the articulating surfaces of the adjacent bones can move smoothly against each other. However, other joints may be connected to each other by connective tissue or cartilage. These joints are designed for stability and provide for little or no movement. Importantly, joint stability and movement are related to each other. This means that stable joints allow for little or no mobility between the adjacent bones. Conversely, joints that provide the most movement between bones are the least stable.
Based on the function of joints, there are 3 types of joints:
-
Synarthrosis joints which allow no movement
- example: joints of the skull
-
Amphiarthrosis joints which allow some movement
- example: joints of the pubic symphysis
-
Diarthrosis joints which allow for free movement
- example: joints of the knee
Structures associated with joints are:
- Cartilage – the elastic connective tissue that is found at the ends of bones, nose tip, etc.
- Synovial membrane – the lining or covering of synovial joints
- Synovial fluid – the lubricating fluid found between synovial joints
- Ligaments – the tough, elastic connective tissue that connects bone to bone
- Tendons – the fibrous connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone
- Bursa – the closed, fluid-filled sacs that works as a cushion
- Meniscus – C_shaped cartilage that act as shock absorbers between bones
Just for fun!! - this video describes why our joints 'pop'