The third category we are going to cover is the Technical.
This group of people are the technicians, craftspeople, and artisans that translate the designers' ideas from paper and plans into full-sized, reality on-stage.
They are broken up into different departments (or shops) and are each comprised of:
a crew lead - the supervisor for the department
the build crew - the people who construct the sets and costumes, hang and circuit the lights and speakers.
the run crew - the people that move the scenery, fly the flylines, operate the lights and sound, etc. during each performance of the show
Video Introduction
In this video you follow various members of the run crew behind-the-scenes of the recent West End (the UK's equivalent to Broadway) production of Angels in America (length 8:54).
Responsible for fabricating and assembling all of the scenery, such as the flats, platforms, scenery wagons, drops, soft goods, and other scenic (or set) pieces needed for the performance.
Report to:
Set Designer
Production Manager
Managed by:
Technical Director - converts the scenic designer's draftings into construction drawings (if needed), purchases all necessary construction materials, and oversees the construction, installation, and work of the entire scenic crew (carpenters, welders, riggers, painters, props).
Assisted by:
Master Carpenter -oversees the carpenters and welders; maintains the scene-shop equipment and supplies
Build Crew:
Carpenters - build and assemble all wooden set pieces per instructions from the Technical Director
Welders - build and assemble all metal set pieces per instructions from the Technical Director
Riggers -hang and operate the fly system for the production (battens, truss, and dead-hung pipes)
Responsible for the painting and decorating (i.e. wallpaper) of all the scenery.
Report to:
Set Designer
Production Manager
Technical Director
Managed by:
Scenic Charge Artist -takes the Scenic Designer's color renderings and paint elevations and interprets those into methods of reproducing the color, texture, preparation, and aging of all set pieces and backdrops; maintains the paint-shop equipment and supplies; oversees the scenic artists
Build Crew:
Scenic Artists - work with the Scenic Charge to lay out, prime, paint, texture, sculpt, and detail all scenic pieces and backdrops.
Responsible for the fabrication, acquisition, modification, and assembly of all props needed for the production, including hand props, consumables (food, drink, other), furniture, set dressing (curtains, pictures, table lamps, etc.).
Report to:
Set Designer
Production Manager
Technical Director
Managed by:
Prop Coordinator - supervises all prop personnel in the acquisition, modification, and/or construction of all rehearsal (mock-ups), decorative, consumables, and hand props; closely coordinates with the Stage Manager based on the needs of the Director and the Actors; closely coordinates with scenic, lighting, sound, and costumes when needs overlap.
Build Crew:
Crafts - plan and execute the construction, painting, and finishing of all prop items for the show such hand props, set dressing, and paper goods.
Prop Carpenter - plan and execute the construction of large prop items such as furniture, cabinets, etc.
Responsible for the fabrication, acquisition, modification, and assembly of all costume pieces needed for the production, including garments, undergarments, jewelry, masks, wigs, and other accessories.
Reports to:
Costume Designer
Production Manager
Managed by:
Costume Shop Manager - oversees the daily operation of the costume shop, its personnel, and is responsible for the implementation of the costume design, supervises actor costume fitting appointments, and maintains the costume-shop equipment and supplies
Build Crew
Cutter - take the costume designer's renderings and creates pattern pieces through flat pattern-making, cuts out all of the fabric pattern pieces, supervises the stitchers as they assemble the garments together, and leads the alteration and tailoring process during fittings.
Draper - take the costume designer's renderings and creates garments by draping material over a mannequin, supervises the stitchers as they assemble the garments together.
First Hand -assists the cutter and draper in fitters, cutting, pattern making, stitching, and alterations.
Stitcher - assemble the costumes
Milliner - creates hats
Cobbler -creates shoes
Responsible for the preparation, hanging, circuiting, maintenance, and focusing of all stage lighting fixtures, equipment (cables, accessories), and practicals (table lamps, lanterns, etc.).
Report to:
Lighting Designer
Production Manager
Managed by:
Head Electrician - safely and accurately hang the light fixtures per the lighting designer's draftings, purchases all necessary lighting materials (gels, gobos, cables, etc.), constructs special effects and practicals; oversees the electricians and maintains the lighting equipment for load-in, focus, tech, and for all performances.
Build Crew:
Electricians - work with the Head Electrician to hang, circuit, build, maintenance, focus, and operate all stage lighting equipment, special effects, and practicals.
Responsible for the preparation, hanging, connection, maintenance, and function of all sound equipment (speakers, microphones, mixer, cables) and practicals (functional radio, record player, ringing telephone, etc.).
Report to:
Sound Designer
Production Manager
Managed by:
Sound Engineer - safely and accurately setup and hang the sound equipment per the sound designer's draftings, purchases all necessary sound materials, constructs special effects and practicals; oversees the sound technicians and maintains the sound equipment for load-in, tech, and for all performances.
Build Crew:
Sound Technicians - work with the Sound Engineer to hang, connect, build, maintenance, and operate all sound equipment and practicals.
Responsible for organizing and coordinating the theatre production from pre-production, through rehearsals, tech rehearsals, and performances. Serve as the hub and facilitators of communication between all departments. Maintain the artistic and technical integrity of the production day-to-day, from performance-to-performance.
Report to:
Director
Production Manager
Managed by:
Stage Manager - creates and maintains the rehearsal schedules, runs the rehearsals, notate blocking and choreography, disseminates notes from the director to the creative team and shops, runs tech rehearsals, coordinates the stage crew, calls the cues, and oversees the entire show each time it is performed.
Assisted by:
Assistant Stage Manager - assists the stage manager in setting up the rehearsal room, being "on book" during rehearsals, tracking props, and overseeing the backstage operations of the stage crew during performances.
Responsible for the operation, maintenance, and continuity of the technical elements for performances: from day-to-day and show-to-show.
Report to:
Stage Manager
Assistant Stage Manager
Production Manager
Managed by:
Crew Chief - leader of all of the stage run crew, oversees and ensure the safety of all stage operations during load-in, performances, and strike
Scenic Crew:
Stage Crew - move (or grip) the scenic wagons, furniture, and other deck scenic elements as needed to transition between scenes on-stage or prepare for the next scene.
Fly Operators -operate all flown scenery, masking, people and/or effects as needed during performances.
Costume Crew:
Wardrobe - maintain, launder, and prep all costumes for each performance
Dressers -assist actors with quick changes or other complicated costume adjustments during the performance
Wigs - build, maintain, prep, and assist actors with the application of all wigs for each performance
Makeup - (when necessary) assist actors with special effect makeup application such as prosthetics, scars, etc.
Lighting Crew:
Light Board Operator -programs and operates the lighting console per the instructions of the Lighting Designer to construct cues during tech rehearsals; executes the lighting cues during performances per the calls of the Stage Manager.
Followspot Operator - (if used) operates the followspot by tracking performers on-stage with a moveable spotlight per the instructions of the Lighting Designer during tech and the calls of either the Lead Spot Op or the Stage Manager during performances.
Deck Electrician - moves, connects, and maintains any lighting fixtures, practicals, or effects that need to change locations on-stage during the performance of the show.
Sound Crew:
Sound Mixer (A1) - operates the sound mixer during the performances and is responsible for how the show sounds from performance-to-performance
Microphone Technician (A2) -preps, tests, maintains, and assists actors with the application of all body microphones for each performance; troubleshoots microphones backstage as needed
Optional Further Reading
A short but great article that outlines what a Broadway crew and crew work call look like, including the basics of who does what and how many crew members it takes to put on a Broadway show.