Introduction

Costanza-Chock explores the concepts of lead user innovation, information asymmetry, and variance in user product needs defined by Eric Von Hippel in Democratizing Innovation . While Costanza-Chock ultimately concludes that Hippel's analysis fails to consider important issues related to intersectional identities and inequalities within the matrix of domination, Von Hippel provides a useful examination of tech industry design practices and how users can at once be consumers and innovators of technology.

The graph below illustrates the relationship between user needs and commercially available products - only the needs of dominant populations will be served by commercial products, which are only manufactured if there is sufficient economic incentive. This means that the needs of smaller, marginalized groups, have to be met by users themselves, who design technologies that suit their specific wants and needs. These are the users Von Hippel refers to as "lead users."

Graph showing the relationship between user needs and commercial product development

Von Hippel, n.d.

Directed Viewing

In the following video (old, I know, but still useful!), Von Hippel explains the concept of lead users, as well as how to identify these users. As you watch, think about what has changed since Von Hippel developed his theories. What issues do you see with Von Hippel's explanation, and how might it be built upon to better serve diverse populations?

OpenUserInnovation, 2012